Such oscillating electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields, which are mutually perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave, are known as electromagnetic waves. This symmetrical relationship reveals that if a change of electric and magnetic field is taking place through any region, the two fields will propagate out of this region in the surrounding space. Whereas, Maxwell showed that a changing electric field causes an induced magnetic field. Faraday discovered that a time varying magnetic field causes an induced electric field.
In fact, electronics is causing a revolution in every sphere of life and society.īy the end of the 19th century, electromagnetic theory established itself as a unifying principle linking electricity and magnetism. A large number of electronic devices have revolutionized science and industry. The study, design and use of the devices that depend on the movement of electrons (or ions) through a vacuum, gas, or semiconductors is called electronics. These observations reveal the importance of localization of electrons in case where the Fermi edge falls in the mobility edge.‘Science clears the fields on which technology can build’. High resolution spectra reveal negligibly small intensity at Fermi level, E F, for parent compounds, while hole doped SrPd 3O 4 (by 15% Li substitution at Sr site) exhibits a Fermi cut-off suggesting metallic character in contrast to semiconducting transport. Band structure calculations within local density approximations lead to metallic ground state while the calculations using hybrid functional provide band gap of 0.25 eV and 0.22 eV for CaPd 3O 4 and SrPd 3O 4 respectively, suggesting moderate to strong electron correlation strength in these narrow band gap semiconducting palladates. Energy positions of various features and overall width of the experimental valence band spectra are well captured by band structure calculations using hybrid functional. We investigate the electronic structure of ternary palladates APd 3O 4 (A = Sr, Ca) using valence band photoemission spectroscopy and band structure calculations.
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